![]() ![]() The leaders of these risings were a northern noble, Andrew Murray, and a man from Ayrshire, William Wallace. ![]() They, rather than their king, may have sought the support of the pope and of Edward's French enemies in 1295 as ways out of the English king's control. Though he was in a difficult position, Balliol failed to provide any strong resistance to Edward and his subjects were clearly exasperated. Balliol was called to Westminster to answer for his judgement in several court cases and was humiliatingly forced to renew his oath of homage to Edward. In the years after 1292, Edward did both. Homage allowed the English king to interfere in Scottish affairs, in legal disputes and landholding, and to demand the service of the Scottish king and his knights in war. His choice probably reflected the strength of Balliol's claim in law, not, as later accounts claimed, the weakness of his character.īalliol was crowned king and at Christmas he travelled to Newcastle to perform homage to Edward. ![]() In November 1292, Edward decided in favour of John Balliol. They handed over the kingdom to the English king while he judged the case, known as the Great Cause, between Bruce, Balliol and thirteen other claimants. While the Scots simply sought his arbitration, Edward demanded that he be recognised as superior lord of Scotland.Īfter initial reluctance, the Scots were forced to accept Edward's demand. ![]()
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